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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve. Initially developed by Dr. James Corning to compress or stimulate the carotid sheath, VNS typically refers to an implantable electrode. [ 1 ]
Knocking out vagal nerve receptors has been shown to cause hyperphagia (greatly increased food intake). [10] Neuroscientist Ivan De Araujo and colleagues have shown that the vagus nerve transmits reward signals from the body to the brain, [11] [12] potentially explaining how stimulation of the nerve leads to emotional changes.
Joseph signed on and began using a non-invasive VNS device that delivers electrical stimulation to the vagus nerve through the ear, twice a day for 10 minutes at a time.
Vagal nerve stimulation implants can sometimes cause side effects, such as shortness of breath, site irritation or vocal hoarseness when the device is on, experts said.
A vagal maneuver is an action used to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by activating the vagus nerve.The vagus nerve is the longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system and helps regulate many critical aspects of human physiology, including heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and digestion through the release of acetylcholine.
The Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system can offset each other. One of the most classical example is called Vagal Escape.Vagal escape is characterized by a reduction in blood pressure due to muscarinic stimulation which is then compensated for stimulation from the sympathetic system to increase heart rate and thus blood pressure.
Measurements of vagal tone can be performed by means of either invasive or noninvasive procedures. Invasive procedures are in the minority and include vagus nerve stimulation by specific manual, breathing or electrical techniques. Noninvasive techniques mainly rely on the investigation of heart rate and heart rate variability. [4] [5] [6]
The efferent portion is carried by the vagus nerve from the cardiovascular center of the medulla to the heart, of which increased stimulation leads to decreased output of the sinoatrial node. [3] This reflex is especially sensitive in neonates and children, particularly during strabismus correction surgery . [ 4 ]