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The book proposed that the social environment a child grows up in is more important in determining gender than the genetic factors he or she inherits. The majority of Money's theories regarding the importance of socialization in the determination of gender have come under intense criticism, especially in connection with the inaccurate reporting ...
Robert Stoller, whose work was the first to treat sex and gender as "two different orders of data", in his book Sex and Gender: The Development of Masculinity and Femininity, [46] uses the term 'sex' to refer to the "male or the female sex and the component biological parts that determine whether one is a male or a female". [47]
In psychology, sociology and gender studies, "doing gender" is the idea that gender, rather than being an innate quality of individuals, is a social construct that actively surfaces in everyday human interaction. This term was used by Candace West and Don Zimmerman in their article "Doing Gender", published in 1987 in Gender and Society. [1]
[4] [5] The gender differences appear to peak in the most fertile years. [6] This is possibly due to hormonal differences, as several studies have shown that certain sex hormones influence the way that emotions are expressed. [7] Other researchers found this gender difference decreases over time.
In 1945, Madison Bentley defined gender as the "socialized obverse of sex". [35] [36] Simone de Beauvoir's 1949 book The Second Sex has been interpreted as the beginning of the distinction between sex and gender in feminist theory, [37] [38] although this interpretation is contested by many feminist theorists, including Sara Heinämaa. [39] [40]
Gender is used as a means of describing the distinction between the biological sex and socialized aspects of femininity and masculinity. [9] According to West and Zimmerman, is not a personal trait; it is "an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions of society."
Brain Gender [1] is a book by Melissa Hines, [2] Hines graduated with an undergraduate degree from Princeton, following through with a doctorate in psychology from UCLA. [3] Currently, Hines is a psychologist and neuroscientist at the University of Cambridge. Brain Gender is a book exploring the biological differences between sex and gender ...
Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender. [1] Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it. In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent and consistent with the individual's gender identity. [2]