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A distichia is an eyelash that arises from an abnormal part of the eyelid. This abnormality, attributed to a genetic mutation, is known to affect dogs and humans. Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the meibomian gland at the eyelid margin. They are usually multiple, and sometimes more than one arises from a duct.
In many cases, removal of the affected eyelashes with forceps resolves the symptoms, although the problem often recurs in a few weeks when the eyelashes regrow. Severe cases may cause scarring of the cornea and lead to vision loss if untreated. Mild cases may not require treatment. Repeated cases of trachoma infection may cause trichiasis. [2]
Chalazion* is a granuloma that forms in the eyelid due to blocked secretions from the meibomian gland. Inflammation of the eyelid may result. [64] Trichiasis in dogs is hair from the eyelid growing in the wrong direction and rubbing on the eye, causing irritation. It usually occurs at the lateral upper eyelid, especially in the English Cocker ...
In many species, the third eyelid plays an essential role in vision by supplying oxygen and nutrients to the eye via tear production. [4] Normally, the gland can turn inside-out without detachment. [3] Cherry eye results from a defect in the retinaculum which is responsible for anchoring the gland to the periorbita.
The membrane can, however, be seen clearly by gently opening the eye of the healthy animal when it is asleep, or by pushing down/applying pressure on the eyeball, which will cause it to appear. In some breeds of dogs, the nictitating membrane can be prone to prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, resulting in a condition called cherry eye. [9]
Treatment can include warm compresses to thin the secretions and eyelid scrubs with a commercial eyelid cleanser or baby shampoo, [17] [13] or emptying ("expression") of the gland by a professional. Lifitegrast and ciclosporin are topical medication commonly used to control the inflammation and improve the oil quality.
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A chalazion may occur following a stye or from hardened oils blocking the gland. [2] The blocked gland is usually the meibomian gland, but can also be the gland of Zeis. [8] A stye and cellulitis may appear similar. [2] A stye, however, is usually more sudden in onset, painful, and occurs at the edge of the eyelid. [2] Cellulitis is also ...