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An information technology audit, or information systems audit, is an examination of the management controls within an Information technology (IT) infrastructure. The evaluation of obtained evidence determines if the information systems are safeguarding assets, maintaining data integrity , and operating effectively to achieve the organization's ...
In 1951, the first 24 Statements on Auditing Procedure were codified [6] The Codification also contains a summary history of the process of standardizing auditing practice up to 1951 (see pp. 5–8). In 1954, the Committee on Auditing Procedure finished work on the booklet Generally Accepted Auditing Standards: Their Significance and Scope. [7]
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants began codifying the Statements on Auditing standards semiannually in 1976. The Codification of Statements on Auditing Standards is generally issued in January, and the U.S. Auditing Standards is issued as part of the AICPA Professional Standards in June of each year.
The history of accounting or accountancy can be traced to ancient civilizations. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The early development of accounting dates to ancient Mesopotamia , and is closely related to developments in writing , counting and money [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians . [ 2 ]
In 1968, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) had the Big Eight (now the Big Four) accounting firms participate in the development of EDP auditing. The result of this was the release of Auditing & EDP. The book included how to document EDP audits and examples of how to process internal control reviews.
In the United States, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board develops standards (Auditing Standards or AS) for publicly traded companies since the 2002 passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act; however, it adopted many of the GAAS initially. The GAAS continues to apply to non-public/private companies.
The Comments column provides references to sections of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) which complement or supersede a particular Audit and Accounting Guide. The ASC is published by the Financial Accounting Standards Board , and access to the ASC is free through the Basic View on the FASB web site.
Audit financial documents had been presented to shareholders, but at this point anyone could be an auditor. In these early days there was little accountability or standardization. [18] Financial auditing, and various other English accounting practices, first came to the United States in the late nineteenth century.