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Nitroethane is an organic compound having the chemical formula C 2 H 5 NO 2. Similar in many regards to nitromethane , nitroethane is an oily liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Pure nitroethane is colorless and has a fruity odor.
Monopropellants [1] are propellants consisting of chemicals that release energy through exothermic chemical decomposition. The molecular bond energy of the monopropellant is released usually through use of a catalyst. This can be contrasted with bipropellants that release energy through the chemical reaction between an oxidizer and a fuel.
The reaction was reported in 1894 by the chemist John Ulric Nef, [4] who treated the sodium salt of nitroethane with sulfuric acid resulting in an 85–89% yield of nitrous oxide and at least 70% yield of acetaldehyde.
In an adiabatic system (i.e. a system that does not exchange heat with the surroundings), an otherwise exothermic process results in an increase in temperature of the system. [11] In exothermic chemical reactions, the heat that is released by the reaction takes the form of electromagnetic energy or kinetic energy of molecules. [12]
The structure of an organic nitro compound. In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO 2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing.
This reaction forms four nitroalkanes: nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane. 1-nitropropane is also a byproduct of the process for making 2-nitropropane, which is done by vapour phase nitration of propane.
[2] A strongly exothermic reaction will usually also be exergonic because ΔH⚬ makes a major contribution to ΔG⚬. Most of the spectacular chemical reactions that are demonstrated in classrooms are exothermic and exergonic. The opposite is an endothermic reaction, which usually takes up heat and is driven by an entropy increase in the system.
In the lab, phenyl-2-nitropropene is produced by the reaction of benzaldehyde and nitroethane in the presence of a basic catalyst like n-butylamine.The reaction is a nitroaldol reaction, and is a variant of a Knoevenagel condensation reaction, which is one of a broader class of reactions called Henry condensations, or simply Henry reactions.