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Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit.
Mitral regurgitation: the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, owing to insufficiency of the mitral valve; it may be acute or chronic, and is usually due to mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, or a complication of cardiac dilatation. See also Mitral regurgitation.
Mitral valve prolapse is frequently associated with mild mitral regurgitation, [15] where blood aberrantly flows from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. In the United States, MVP is the most common cause of severe, non-ischemic mitral regurgitation. [4]
During diastole, the mitral valve opens and lets blood fill into the ventricle. If the mitral valve doesn’t open enough, it gets harder to fill the left ventricle, called mitral valve stenosis. Let’s start with mitral valve regurgitation - the leading cause of mitral valve regurgitation in the United States and the most common of all ...
The mitral annulus is saddle shaped and changes in shape throughout the cardiac cycle. [10] The annulus contracts and reduces its surface area during systole to help provide complete closure of the leaflets. Expansion of the annulus can result in leaflets that do not join soundly together, leading to functional mitral regurgitation. [11]
The diastolic blood pressure in the aorta falls, due to regurgitation. This increases pulse pressure. [9] Mitral regurgitation (MR) decreases afterload. In ventricular systole under MR, regurgitant blood flows backwards/retrograde back and forth through a diseased and leaking mitral valve. The remaining blood loaded into the LV is then ...
The mitral valve opens when the pressure in the left atrium is greater than the pressure in the left ventricle. This happens in ventricular diastole (after closure of the aortic valve), when the pressure in the ventricle precipitously drops. In individuals with mitral stenosis, the pressure in the left atrium correlates with the severity of the ...
Common causes include aortic or pulmonary regurgitation and left anterior descending artery stenosis. Mid-diastolic murmurs start after S2 and end before S1. They are due to turbulent flow across the atrioventricular (mitral & tricuspid) valves during the rapid filling phase from mitral or tricuspid stenosis.
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