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To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. [13]It is often administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI).
Although it has a long terminal elimination half-life of 4 to 30 hours, plasma concentrations remain low after the typical induction dose. [33] Its advantages include “antiemetic, antipruritic, bronchodilatory, and anticonvulsant properties”, [34] which makes it suitable for patients with kidney or liver insufficiency. [35]
However, surgery remained a treatment of last resort. Largely because of the associated pain , many patients chose certain death over surgery. Although there has been debate as to who deserves the most credit for the discovery of general anaesthesia, scientific discoveries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries were critical to the eventual ...
1. Prep is important. With charming names like MoviPrep or Golytely, the colonoscopy preparation products leave very little to the imagination. The goal is to have a clean, empty colon.
A colonoscopy is considered the best way to screen for colon cancer because it allows doctors to remove polyps — small growths in the colon — before they potentially turn cancerous.
Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (nasogastric tube or NG tube) through the nose, down the esophagus, and down into the stomach. Orogastric intubation is a similar process involving the insertion of a plastic tube (orogastric tube) through the mouth. [1] Abraham Louis Levin invented the NG tube.
After the procedure, the patient will be observed and monitored by a qualified individual in the endoscopy room, or a recovery area, until a significant portion of the medication has worn off. Occasionally the patient is left with a mild sore throat, which may respond to saline gargles, or chamomile tea. It may last for weeks or not happen at all.
The words esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD; American English) and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD; British English; see spelling differences) are pronounced / ɪ ˌ s ɒ f ə ɡ oʊ ˌ ɡ æ s t r oʊ ˌ d (j) uː oʊ d ɪ ˈ n ɒ s k ə p i /. It is also called panendoscopy (PES) and upper GI endoscopy.