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1860 engraving depicting the performing horse Marocco. A significant portion of medieval technical literature consists of treatises on veterinary care. [S 11] Arab and Muslim scholars made notable contributions to the knowledge of equine medicine, education, [5] and training, in part due to the contributions of the translator Ibn Akhî Hizâm, who wrote around 895, [6] and Ibn al-Awam, who ...
Clever Hans performing in 1904. Clever Hans (German: der Kluge Hans; c. 1895 – c. 1916) was a horse that appeared to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks.. In 1907, psychologist Oskar Pfungst demonstrated that the horse was not actually performing these mental tasks, but was watching the reactions of his trai
A cognitive bias refers to a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other individuals or situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. Cognitive bias is sometimes illustrated by using answers to the question "Is the glass half empty or half full?". Choosing "half empty" is supposed to ...
At the beginning of the 20th century, Wilhelm von Osten famously, but prematurely, claimed human-like counting abilities in animals on the example of his horse named Hans. His claim is widely rejected today, as it is attributed to a methodological fallacy, which received the name Clever Hans phenomenon after this case. Von Osten claimed that ...
An overall term that encompasses all forms of equine therapy is equine-assisted activities and therapy (EAAT). [5] Various therapies that involve interactions with horses and other equines are used for individuals with and without disabilities including those with physical, cognitive and emotional issues. [1]
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) [2] [3] is a domesticated, ... In hippotherapy, a therapist uses the horse's movement to improve their patient's cognitive ...
The movement has led many people in the horse industry to question "traditional" practices and to look at learning theory and equitation science to better understand horse behavior. [ 20 ] Within the Natural Horsemanship movement, the phrases "traditional" or "traditional methods" generally refer to brutal methods of horse-breaking that trained ...
Cognitive ethology; Companion animal; Critical animal studies; Domestication of the horse; Ethnozoology; Human–animal bonding; Human–canine bond; Intersectionality; Insects in culture; Mutualism (biology) Origin of the domestic dog; Pauleen Bennett; Pet humanization; Service animal; Social grooming; Trans-species psychology; Zooarchaeology