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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
Hy's law is a rule of thumb that a patient is at high risk of a fatal drug-induced liver injury if given a medication that causes hepatocellular injury (not Hepatobiliary injury) with jaundice. [1] The law is based on observations by Hy Zimmerman, a major scholar of drug-induced liver injury.
Footnotes: a = Time until death after onset of liver toxicity. b = Probably related to ethinylestradiol rather than to cyproterone acetate. [31] Notes: Many additional cases have been described in spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting systems of individual countries.
Patients with type 1 HRS are usually ill, may have low blood pressure, and may require therapy with drugs to improve the strength of heart muscle contraction or other drugs to maintain blood pressure (vasopressors). [5] Unlike type II, in type I hepatorenal syndrome the kidney failure improves with treatment and stabilizes.
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved the first medication for a common form of liver inflammation called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH, the agency said Thursday.
Analogous terms such as "drug-induced" or "toxic" liver disease are also used to refer to disorders caused by various drugs. [ 7 ] Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis ) is a reversible condition where large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells. [ 8 ]
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This type of adverse effect that results from pharmaceutical drug exposure is commonly due to interactions of the drug with its intended target. In this case, both the therapeutic and toxic targets are the same. To avoid toxicity during treatment, many times the drug needs to be changed to target a different aspect of the illness or symptoms.