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  2. Infiltration (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration_(hydrology)

    Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is commonly used in both hydrology and soil sciences . The infiltration capacity is defined as the maximum rate of infiltration.

  3. Water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

    The ocean plays a key role in the water cycle as it is the source of 86% of global evaporation. [2] The water cycle involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates, it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. When it condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment.

  4. Surface runoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff

    Surface runoff often occurs because impervious areas (such as roofs and pavement) do not allow water to soak into the ground. Furthermore, runoff can occur either through natural or human-made processes. [1] Surface runoff is a major component of the water cycle. It is the primary agent of soil erosion by water.

  5. Groundwater recharge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_recharge

    Water is recharged naturally by rain and snow melt and to a smaller extent by surface water (rivers and lakes). Recharge may be impeded somewhat by human activities including paving, development, or logging. These activities can result in loss of topsoil resulting in reduced water infiltration, enhanced surface runoff and

  6. Subsurface flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_flow

    Subsurface flow, in hydrology, is the flow of water beneath Earth's surface as part of the water cycle. In the water cycle, when precipitation falls on the Earth's land, some of the water flows on the surface forming streams and rivers. The remaining water, through infiltration, penetrates the soil traveling underground, hydrating the vadose ...

  7. Runoff (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoff_(hydrology)

    The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time. However, the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, salt water and ...

  8. Infiltration/Inflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration/Inflow

    Infiltration/Inflow (I/I or I&I) is the process of groundwater, or water from sources other than domestic wastewater, entering sanitary sewers.I/I causes dilution in sanitary sewers, which decreases the efficiency of treatment, and may cause sewage volumes to exceed design capacity.

  9. Rain garden - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_garden

    This reduces the amount of water load on the conventional drainage system, and instead directs water for infiltration and treatment through bioretention features. By reducing peak stormwater discharge, rain gardens extend hydraulic lag time and somewhat mimic the natural water cycle displaced by urban development and allow for groundwater recharge.