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Anhedonia is a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure. [1] While earlier definitions emphasized the inability to experience pleasure, anhedonia is currently used by researchers to refer to reduced motivation, reduced anticipatory pleasure (wanting), reduced consummatory pleasure (liking), and deficits in reinforcement learning.
Hypotonia is a state of low muscle tone [1] (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. Hypotonia is not a specific medical disorder, but a potential manifestation of many different diseases and disorders that affect motor nerve control by the brain or muscle strength.
Since 1798, the medical literature on attentional disorders has distinguished between at least two kinds: one a disorder of distractibility, lack of sustained attention, and poor inhibition (that is now known as ADHD), and the other a disorder of low power, arousal, or oriented/selective attention (now known as CDS).
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
Other factors that can increase the rate of progression of sarcopenia include decreased nutrient intake, low physical activity, or chronic disease. [2] Additionally, epidemiological research has indicated that early environmental influences may have long-term effects on muscle health.
Reduced affect display, sometimes referred to as emotional blunting or emotional numbing, is a condition of reduced emotional reactivity in an individual. It manifests as a failure to express feelings either verbally or nonverbally, especially when talking about issues that would normally be expected to engage emotions.
First, the person is usually predisposed to decreased blood pressure by various environmental factors. A lower than expected blood volume, for instance, from taking a low-salt diet in the absence of any salt-retaining tendency. Or heat causing vaso-dilation and worsening the effect of the relatively insufficient blood volume.
Addison's disease is associated with chronically low levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which leads to decreased glucose production. [ 3 ] Hypopituitarism , leading to decreased growth hormone , is another cause of hypoglycemia in children, particularly with long periods of fasting or increased exercise.