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2. Atmospheric instability - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_instability

   It is a form of fluid instability found in thermally stratified atmospheres in which a colder fluid overlies a warmer one. When an air mass is unstable, the element of the air mass that is displaced upwards is accelerated by the pressure differential between the displaced air and the ambient air at the (higher) altitude to which it was displaced.

3. Convective instability - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability

   This makes moist air generally less stable than dry air (see convective available potential energy [CAPE]). The dry adiabatic lapse rate (for unsaturated air) is 3 °C (5.4 °F) per 1,000 vertical feet (300 m). The moist adiabatic lapse rate varies from 1.1 to 2.8 °C (2.0 to 5.0 °F) per 1,000 vertical feet (300 m).

4. Lifted index - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifted_index

   Unstable areas are in yellow (slightly) and red (highly) while the stable zone is in blue. The lifted index ( LI ) is the temperature difference between the environment Te(p) and an air parcel lifted adiabatically Tp(p) at a given pressure height in the troposphere (lowest layer where most weather occurs) of the atmosphere , usually 500 hPa ( mb ).

5. List of cloud types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cloud_types

   Download as PDF; Printable version ... is the product of free convective air mass instability. ... more uniform stratus forms in maritime or other moist stable air ...

6. Outline of air pollution dispersion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_air_pollution...

   There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.

7. Equilibrium level - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_level

   This means that unstable air is now stable when it reaches the equilibrium level and convection stops. This level is often near the tropopause and can be indicated as near where the anvil of a thunderstorm because it is where the thunderstorm updraft is finally cut off, except in the case of overshooting tops where it continues rising to the ...

8. Alpine storms - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_storms

   The air is forced up the slope and into convection; thermal forcing in an unstable situation where there is weak general circulation and diurnal warming. The mountain breezes then generate anabatic winds which also rise. dynamic forcing when air is stable lower down, and circulation is blocked by the mountain, but the air is unstable at higher ...

9. Cloud physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_physics

   Moist air is lighter than the surrounding dry air, creating an unstable situation. When enough moist air has accumulated, all the moist air rises as a single packet, without mixing with the surrounding air. As more moist air forms along the surface, the process repeats, resulting in a series of discrete packets of moist air rising to form ...