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  2. Surface chemistry of cooking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_cooking

    The meat is cooked by the evaporation of this water. When the water is vaporized it leaves the meat through pores in the surface of the meat. Another source of water vapor is the Maillard Reaction. This reaction is responsible for why meat, and many other food products, turn brown when cooked. This reaction only occurs at high temperatures.

  3. Maillard reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maillard_reaction

    The Maillard reaction (/ maɪˈjɑːr / my-YAR; French: [majaʁ]) is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars to create melanoidins, the compounds that give browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, falafel and many other foods ...

  4. Doneness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doneness

    Doneness is a gauge of how thoroughly cooked a cut of meat is based on its color, juiciness, and internal temperature. The gradations are most often used in reference to beef (especially steaks and roasts) but are also applicable to other types of meat. Gradations, their descriptions, and their associated temperatures vary regionally, with ...

  5. Searing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searing

    Searing or pan searing is a technique used in grilling, baking, braising, roasting, sautéing, and the like, in which the surface of the food (usually meat such as beef, poultry, pork, or seafood) is cooked at high temperature until a browned crust forms. Similar techniques, such as browning and blackening, are typically used to sear all sides ...

  6. Molecular gastronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy

    It is a branch of food science that approaches the preparation and enjoyment of nutrition from the perspective of a scientist at the scale of atoms, molecules, and mixtures. A molecular gastronomy dessert served with liquid nitrogen. Nicholas Kurti, Hungarian physicist, and Hervé This, at the INRA in France, coined "Molecular and Physical ...

  7. Food chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chemistry

    Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. [1][2] The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, milk as examples. It is similar to biochemistry in its main components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and protein, but it also includes ...

  8. Roasting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roasting

    Roasting is a cooking method that uses dry heat where hot air covers the food, cooking it evenly on all sides with temperatures of at least 150 °C (300 °F) from an open flame, oven, or other heat source. Roasting can enhance the flavor through caramelization and Maillard browning on the surface of the food. Roasting uses indirect, diffused ...

  9. Seasoning (cookware) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasoning_(cookware)

    A commercial waffle iron showing its seasoned cooking surface (the dark brown surface coating) Seasoning is the process of coating the surface of cookware with fat which is heated in order to produce a corrosion resistant layer of polymerized fat. [1][2] It is required for raw cast-iron cookware [3] and carbon steel, which otherwise rust ...