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Actinopterygii (/ ˌ æ k t ɪ n ɒ p t ə ˈ r ɪ dʒ i aɪ /; from Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktis) 'having rays' and πτέρυξ (ptérux) 'wing, fins'), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish [2] that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. [3]
The notochord, usually only found in fish embryos, is unconstricted and retained throughout life. [6] The premaxilla and maxilla bones of the skull present in other vertebrates have been lost. While larvae and early juvenile acipenseriforms have teeth, the adults are toothless, or nearly so.
Fossil of Chondrosteus acipenseroides from Lyme Regis Strongylosteus hindenburgi fossil from Posidonia Shale, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Chondrosteidae / ˌ k ɒ n d r oʊ s t i ˈ aɪ d iː / is a family of extinct marine actinopterygian fishes, known from the Early Jurassic of Europe.
Both its major subgroups are successful today: Actinopterygii includes most extant bony fish species, and Sarcopterygii includes the tetrapods. Euteleostomes originally all had an endochondral bone, fins with lepidotrichs (fin rays), jaws lined by maxillary, premaxillary, and dentary bones composed of dermal bone, and lungs.
Euteleostei, whose members are known as euteleosts, is a clade of bony fishes within Teleostei that evolved some 240 million years ago, although the oldest known fossil remains are only from the Early Cretaceous. [1]
Together with their relatives, the Stomiiformes, the jellynoses are often placed in the teleost superorder Stenopterygii.Whether it is indeed justified to accept such a small group is doubtful; it may well be that the closest living relatives of the "Stenopterygii" are found among the superorder Protacanthopterygii, and that the former would need to be merged in the latter.
Actinopterygii: Order: † Pholidophoriformes: Family: † Pholidophoridae Woodward, 1890: Genera [3] †Annaichthys Arratia, 2013 †Ceneichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2015 [1] †Eopholidophorus Zambelli, 1989 †Knerichthys Arratia, 2013 †Lombardichthys Arratia, 2017 †Malingichthys Tintori et al., 2015 †Parapholidophorus Zambelli, 1975 ...
Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819); The goldeye, Hiodon alosoides, is widespread across eastern North America, and is notable for a conspicuous golden iris in the eyes. It prefers turbid slower-moving waters of lakes and rivers, where it feeds on a wide variety of organisms including insects, crustaceans, small fish, and mollusks.