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A merchant is a person who trades in goods produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Merchants have been known for as long as humans have engaged in trade and commerce. Merchants and merchant networks operated in ancient Babylonia, Assyria, China, Egypt, Greece, India, Persia, Phoenicia and Rome.
[1] These merchants speak Arabic, Persian, Roman, the Frank, Spanish, and Slav languages. They journey from West to East, from East to West, partly on land, partly by sea. They transport from the West eunuchs, female slaves, boys, brocade, castor, marten and other furs, and swords.
Joseph Calder Miller, Way of death : merchant capitalism and the Angolan slave trade 1730–1830 1988. Elizabeth Genovese & Eugene D. Genovese, Fruits of merchant capital : slavery and bourgeois property in the rise and expansion of capitalism, 1983. Paul Frentrop, A History of Corporate Governance, 1602–2002. Amsterdam: Deminor, 2003.
[7] [8] [6] A type of guild was known in Roman times. Known as collegium, collegia or corpus, these were organised groups of merchants who specialised in a particular craft and whose membership of the group was voluntary. One such example is the corpus naviculariorum, a collegium of merchant mariners based at Rome's La Ostia port.
W Mitchell, The Early History of the Law Merchant (Cambridge, 1904) Theodore Plucknett. A Concise History of the Common Law, 5th edn. Getzville, NY: William S. Hein & Company, 2001. JS Rogers, The Early History of the Law of Bills and Notes (1995) chapter 1; John William Smith, Mercantile Law (ed. Hart and Simey, 1905). Leon E. Trakman.
Pochtecatl were based in thirteen urban centers in the Valley of Mexico. Within each urban area, the pochteca were organized into a hereditary calpultin.These calpulli were highly selective of who they allowed membership, with a potential member requiring both the consensus of the group and the approval of the calpulli's lord. [7]
The Market Revolution in the 19th century United States is a historical model that describes how the United States became a modern market-based economy.During the mid 19th century, technological innovation allowed for increased output, demographic expansion and access to global factor markets for labor, goods and capital.
The antiquary John Weever, quoting the 16th-century Tuscan merchant Lodovico Guicciardini, defined a staple town "to be a place, to which by the prince's authority and privilege wool, hides of beasts, wine, corn or grain, and other exotic or foreign merchandize are transferred, carried or conveyed to be sold". [4]