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Symbolab is an answer engine [1] that provides step-by-step solutions to mathematical problems in a range of subjects. [2] It was originally developed by Israeli start-up company EqsQuest Ltd., under whom it was released for public use in 2011. In 2020, the company was acquired by American educational technology website Course Hero. [3] [4]
The function e (−1/x 2) is not analytic at x = 0: the Taylor series is identically 0, although the function is not. If f ( x ) is given by a convergent power series in an open disk centred at b in the complex plane (or an interval in the real line), it is said to be analytic in this region.
Assuming that [a − r, a + r] ⊂ I and r < R, all these series converge uniformly on (a − r, a + r). Naturally, in the case of analytic functions one can estimate the remainder term R k ( x ) {\textstyle R_{k}(x)} by the tail of the sequence of the derivatives f′ ( a ) at the center of the expansion, but using complex analysis also ...
If only one root, say r 1, is real, then r 2 and r 3 are complex conjugates, which implies that r 2 – r 3 is a purely imaginary number, and thus that (r 2 – r 3) 2 is real and negative. On the other hand, r 1 – r 2 and r 1 – r 3 are complex conjugates, and their product is real and positive. [23]
In mathematics, the Laplace transform, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /), is an integral transform that converts a function of a real variable (usually , in the time domain) to a function of a complex variable (in the complex-valued frequency domain, also known as s-domain, or s-plane).
This visualization also explains why integration by parts may help find the integral of an inverse function f −1 (x) when the integral of the function f(x) is known. Indeed, the functions x(y) and y(x) are inverses, and the integral ∫ x dy may be calculated as above from knowing the integral ∫ y dx.
where the solution of the equation is the wavefunction ψ(r, t) – the quantum mechanical probability amplitude for the particle to have a given position vector r at any given time t, and ħ is the reduced Planck constant. The potential energy function V(r, t) depends on the system.
Gaussian optics is a technique in geometrical optics that describes the behaviour of light rays in optical systems by using the paraxial approximation, in which only rays which make small angles with the optical axis of the system are considered. [2] In this approximation, trigonometric functions can be expressed as linear functions of the angles.