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p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates , where they prevent cancer formation. [ 5 ]
Embryoid body: hESCs in culture spontaneously form ball-like embryo-like structures termed "embryoid bodies", which consist of a core of mitotically active and differentiating hESCs and a periphery of fully differentiated cells from all three germ layers. iPSCs also form embryoid bodies and have peripheral differentiated cells.
319801 Ensembl ENSG00000078237 ENSMUSG00000038028 UniProt Q9NQ88 Q8BZA9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_020375 NM_177003 RefSeq (protein) NP_065108 NP_795977 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 4.31 – 4.36 Mb Chr 6: 127.06 – 127.09 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse The TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) also known as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR is an enzyme that ...
Mutated p53 is also involved in the pathophysiology of leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and neurogenic tumors. Abnormalities of the p53 gene can be inherited in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), which increases the risk of developing various types of cancers. BCL2. BCL2 is a family of proteins that are involved in either inducing or inhibiting ...
For example ESCs have been differentiated into insulin-producing cells, [26] and researchers at Harvard University were able to produce large quantities of pancreatic beta cells from ESCs. [ 27 ] An article published in the European Heart Journal describes a translational process of generating human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac ...
P53, p63, and p73 have similar features in their gene structures and functions but have also diverged evolutionarily. The p53 family evolved from an ancestor gene in unicellular life. [ 4 ] The ancestor gene functioned in germ line DNA protection early invertebrates. [ 5 ]
The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) also known as Bcl-2-binding component 3 (BBC3), is a pro-apoptotic protein, member of the Bcl-2 protein family. [5] [6] In humans, the Bcl-2-binding component 3 protein is encoded by the BBC3 gene. [5] [6] The expression of PUMA is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53.
Mitogens can be either endogenous or exogenous factors. Endogenous mitogens function to control cell division is a normal and necessary part of the life cycle of multicellular organisms. For example, in zebrafish, an endogenous mitogen Nrg1 is produced in response to indications of heart damage. When it is expressed, it causes the outer layers ...