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  2. Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

    ATP serves as a neurotransmitter in many parts of the nervous system, modulates ciliary beating, affects vascular oxygen supply etc. ATP is either secreted directly across the cell membrane through channel proteins [37] [38] or is pumped into vesicles [39] which then fuse with the membrane. Cells detect ATP using the purinergic receptor ...

  3. ATPase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATPase

    ATPase (also called F 0 F 1-ATP Synthase) is a charge-transferring complex that catalyzes ATP to perform ATP synthesis by moving ions through the membrane. [12] The coupling of ATP hydrolysis and transport is a chemical reaction in which a fixed number of solute molecules are transported for each ATP molecule hydrolyzed; for the Na + /K ...

  4. ATP synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_synthase

    In prokaryotic cells ATP synthase lies across the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotic cells it lies across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Organisms capable of photosynthesis also have ATP synthase across the thylakoid membrane , which in plants is located in the chloroplast and in cyanobacteria is located in the cytoplasm .

  5. F-ATPase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-ATPase

    The F o domains sits within the membrane, spanning the phospholipid bilayer, while the F 1 domain extends into the cytosol of the cell to facilitate the use of newly synthesized ATP. The Bovine Mitochondrial F 1-ATPase Complexed with the inhibitor protein If1 is commonly cited in the relevant literature.

  6. Membrane transport protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein

    A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins ; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances.

  7. Mitochondrion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion

    A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [2]

  8. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    The ATP-ADP translocase (also called adenine nucleotide translocase, ANT) is an antiporter and exchanges ADP and ATP across the inner membrane. The driving force is due to the ATP (−4) having a more negative charge than the ADP (−3), and thus it dissipates some of the electrical component of the proton electrochemical gradient.

  9. Adenosine diphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate

    The ATP synthase complex exists within the mitochondrial membrane (F O portion) and protrudes into the matrix (F 1 portion). The energy derived as a result of the chemical gradient is then used to synthesize ATP by coupling the reaction of inorganic phosphate to ADP in the active site of the ATP synthase enzyme; the equation for this can be ...