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Kernig's sign is a test used in physical examination to look for evidence of irritation of the meninges. The test involves flexing the thighs at the hip, and the knees, at 90 degree angles, and assessing whether subsequent extension of the knee is painful (leading to resistance), in which case it is deemed positive. [ 1 ]
Other signs include the presence of positive Kernig's sign or Brudziński sign. Kernig's sign is assessed with the person lying supine, with the hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees. In a person with a positive Kernig's sign, pain limits passive extension of the knee. A positive Brudzinski's sign occurs when flexion of the neck causes involuntary ...
Meningism is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis. [1] [3] [4] Whereas meningitis is inflammation of the meninges (membranes that cover the central nervous system), meningism is caused by nonmeningitic irritation of the meninges, usually associated with acute febrile illness, [1] [2] especially in children and adolescents. [2]
The pain felt on Kernig's sign is due to meningeal irritation caused by movement of the spinal cord within the meninges. [4] In the Brudzinski's neck sign, this movement with neck flexion is cancelled out by the flexion of the hip; much like two persons pulling on either side of a single rope. [1]
A positive test indicates the increased likelihood that the abdominal wall and not the abdominal cavity is the source of the pain (for example, due to rectus sheath hematoma instead of appendicitis). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A negative Carnett's sign is said to occur when the abdominal pain decreases when the patient is asked to lift the head; this points ...
Pain on the upper right side can also be a sign of a kidney issue. We have two kidneys, one on either side of the body, and the right kidney is situated just under the liver.
Kernig's sign: Woldemar Kernig: neurology: meningism, meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage: synd/2200 at Who Named It? hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus Kocher's sign: Emil Theodor Kocher: ophthalmology, endocrinology: Hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease,
Dr. Narayanan says that bone pain can also be a sign of prostate cancer recurrence in patients who have already had the disease. The link between prostate cancer and bone pain may be a surprising one.