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The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as the DNA within each of the 24 distinct chromosomes in the cell nucleus. A small DNA molecule is found within individual mitochondria. These are usually treated separately as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome. [1]
Within chromosomes, DNA is held in complexes with structural proteins. These proteins organize the DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. In eukaryotes, this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of small basic proteins called histones, while in prokaryotes multiple types of proteins are involved.
Cell Biology in "The Biology Project" of University of Arizona. Centre of the Cell online; The Image & Video Library of The American Society for Cell Biology Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine, a collection of peer-reviewed still images, video clips and digital books that illustrate the structure, function and biology of the cell.
Pie charts of typical human body composition by percent of mass, and by percent of atomic composition (atomic percent) Body composition may be analyzed in various ways. This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water , protein , fats (or lipids ), hydroxyapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such ...
Cells are the smallest independent parts of organisms: the human body contains about 100 trillion cells, while very small organisms like bacteria are just a single cell. A cell is like a miniature and very complex factory that can make all the parts needed to produce a copy of itself, which happens when cells divide.
Outline of cell biology. Cell structure: Cell coined by Robert Hooke; Techniques: cell culture – flow cytometry – microscope – light microscope – electron microscopy – SEM – TEM – live cell imaging; Organelles: Cytoplasm – Vacuole – Peroxisome – Plastid. Cell nucleus. Nucleoplasm – Nucleolus – Chromatin – Chromosome ...
For example, fruit flies share 61 percent of disease-causing genes with humans, which was important when NASA studied the bugs to learn more about what space travel might do to your genes.
[23] [24] If the DNA is replicated faster than the bacterial cells divide, multiple copies of the chromosome can be present in a single cell, and if the cells divide faster than the DNA can be replicated, multiple replication of the chromosome is initiated before the division occurs, allowing daughter cells to inherit complete genomes and ...