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Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of Iron Age India around the middle of the first millennium BCE. [5] This was a period of great intellectual ferment and socio-cultural change known as the Second Urbanisation, marked by the growth of towns and trade, the composition of the Upanishads and the historical emergence of the Śramaṇa traditions.
Images of Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, might be mistaken for Gautama. [14] He is incarnated in the Dalai Lama, who is a tulku and the most revered Tibetan Buddhist monk. [15] [16] Especially among Westerners, Budai (in Chinese, or Hotei in Japanese) is often confused with Gautama or is thought to have originated Buddhism. [17]
In contemporary Hinduism, the Buddha is revered by Hindus who usually consider "Buddhism to be another form of Hinduism". [9] Other Hindus reject the identification of Gautama Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu , referring to the texts of the Puranas and identifying the two as different individuals.
Buddhist art is visual art produced in the context of Buddhism.It includes depictions of Gautama Buddha and other Buddhas and bodhisattvas, notable Buddhist figures both historical and mythical, narrative scenes from their lives, mandalas, and physical objects associated with Buddhist practice, such as vajras, bells, stupas and Buddhist temple architecture. [1]
[122] [123] This represents an early religious and cultural fusion [124] [note 23] or synthesis [126] between ancient Dravidians and Indo-Aryans, which became more evident over time with sacred iconography, traditions, philosophy, flora, and fauna that went on to influence Hinduism, Buddhism, Charvaka, Sramana, and Jainism. [127] [125] [128] [129]
In Theravada Buddhism this was much less the case, and figures of the historical Buddha remain the most common main images in temples and shrines to the present. Early images were most often of Buddha standing, but seated meditating postures, essentially the lotus position of yoga , came to predominate.
The boy Buddha appearing within a lotus. Crimson and gilded wood, Trần-Hồ dynasty, Vietnam, 14th–15th century. In the Aṅguttara Nikāya, the Buddha compares himself to a lotus (padma in Sanskrit, in Pali, paduma), [3] saying that the lotus flower rises from the muddy water unstained, as he rises from this world, free from the defilements taught in the specific sutta.
Mañjuśrī is a bodhisattva associated with prajñā (transcendent wisdom) in Mahayana Buddhism. In Tibetan Buddhism, he is also a yidam. His name means "Gentle Glory". [3] Mañjuśrī is also known by the fuller Sanskrit name of Mañjuśrīkumārabhūta, [4] literally "Mañjuśrī, Still a Youth" or, less literally, "Prince Mañjuśrī ...