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Flax seeds and sesame seeds contain high levels of lignans. [1] [8] The principal lignan precursor found in flaxseeds is secoisolariciresinol diglucoside.[1] [8] Other foods containing lignans include cereals (rye, wheat, oat and barley), soybeans, tofu, cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cabbage, and some fruits, particularly apricots and strawberries. [1]
According to one study of nine common phytoestrogens in a Western diet, foods with the highest relative phytoestrogen content were nuts and oilseeds, followed by soy products, cereals and breads, legumes, meat products, and other processed foods that may contain soy, vegetables, fruits, alcoholic, and nonalcoholic beverages.
Isoflavones (phytoestrogens) use the 3-phenylchromen-4-one skeleton (with no hydroxyl group substitution on carbon at position 2). Daidzein (formononetin) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, kudzu, other legumes. Genistein (biochanin A) soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes. Glycitein soy. Isoflavanes
"While they are primarily carbohydrate and fiber-dense, they also provide protein and a variety of micronutrients." ... 100 grams (around a half-cup) of canned pinto beans contain: 114 calories. 1 ...
Soy contains isoflavones—polyphenolic compounds, produced by legumes including peanuts and chickpeas. Isoflavones are closely related to flavonoids found in other plants, vegetables and flowers. [152] Soy contains the phytoestrogen coumestans, also are found in beans and split-peas, with the best sources being alfalfa, clover, and soybean ...
Dietary fiber is defined to be plant components that are not broken down by human digestive enzymes. [1] In the late 20th century, only lignin and some polysaccharides were known to satisfy this definition, but in the early 21st century, resistant starch and oligosaccharides were included as dietary fiber components.
For plant stanol esters: (i) Foods containing at least 1.7 g per serving of plant stanol esters, eaten twice a day with meals for a total daily intake of at least 3.4 g, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease. A serving of [name of the food] supplies ___grams of plant stanol esters. [17]
Food sources high in coumestans include split peas, pinto beans, lima beans, and especially alfalfa and clover sprouts. [ 3 ] Coumestrol has about the same binding affinity for the ER-β estrogen receptor as 17β-estradiol , but much less affinity than 17α-estradiol , although the estrogenic potency of coumestrol at both receptors is much less ...