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Government revenue or national revenue is money received by a government from taxes and non-tax sources to enable it, assuming full resource employment, to undertake non-inflationary public expenditure. Government revenue as well as government spending are components of the government budget and important tools of the government's fiscal policy.
Vis-à-vis tax revenues, much less academic study has been conducted into the volume and distribution of non-tax revenues, [2] although the most significant forms — oil and natural gas revenues and foreign aid — have been extensively studied since Hossein Mahdavy’s seminal 1970 analysis of the Imperial State of Iran.
In public finance, internal debt or domestic debt is the component of the total government debt in a country that is owed to lenders within the country. Internal government debt is complement is external government debt. The main sources of funds for internal debts are commercial banks and other financial institutions.
Public finance refers to the monetary resources available to governments and also to the study of finance within government and role of the government in the economy. [1] Within academic settings, public finance is a widely studied subject in many branches of political science , political economy and public economics .
Personal finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as real estate and cars, buying insurance, investing, and saving for retirement. [9] Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan or other debt obligations. The main areas of personal finance are considered to be income, spending, saving, investing, and ...
Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money, it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company.
The specific source of internal financing used by a financial manager depends on the industry the firm operates in, the goals of the firm and the restrictions (financial or physical) that are placed on the firm. The sources of internal finance mentioned above can be used in conjunction with one another or individually.
Access to finance is the ability of individuals or enterprises to obtain financial services, including credit, deposit, payment, insurance, and other risk management services. [1] Those who involuntarily have no or only limited access to financial services are referred to as the unbanked or underbanked , respectively.