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Gut microbiota can also modulate the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents such as irinotecan. [109] This effect is derived from the microbiome-encoded β-glucuronidase enzymes which recover the active form of the irinotecan causing gastrointestinal toxicity. [110]
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
Gut microbiota of the fruit fly can affect the way its gut looks, by impacting epithelial renewal rate, cellular spacing, and the composition of different cell types in the epithelium. [41] When the moth Spodoptera exigua is infected with baculovirus immune-related genes are downregulated and the amount of its gut microbiota increases. [ 42 ]
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Some of these bacteria include Bacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Fusobacterium, Salmonella, etc. [2] These bacterial communities are established by diet, and the microbial modes of transmission. Today's research has not yet fully explored the implications of putrefying bacteria in the human gut microbiome, however current data ...
Different host genotypes can influence the identity of MACs available to the microbiota in multiple ways. For example, a host's genes may affect the level of mucus structures, such as the absence of alpha-1-2 fucose residues in the mucus of nonsecretor individuals who lack alpha-1-2- fucosyltransferase activity in the intestine. [6]
Research into phylosymbiotic relationships has revealed that human genetic ancestry influences microbiome composition, which in turn affects drug metabolism and therapeutic outcomes. [24] This understanding has led to: Improved prediction of drug responses based on host-microbiome interactions [25]
A prominent example of the gut–memory connection is the effects that alterations in the gut microbiome can have on the pathogenesis of neural diseases like Alzheimer's. [ 3 ] Understanding the connections between the gut microbiome and cognitive health could aid researchers in developing novel strategies for slowing down cognitive decline in ...