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The first research doctorate was the doctor of philosophy, which came to the U.S. from Germany, and is frequently referred to by its initials of Ph.D. As academia evolved in the country a wide variety of other types of doctoral degrees and programs were developed.
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This is the list of the fields of doctoral studies in the United States used for the annual Survey of Earned Doctorates, conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago for the National Science Foundation and other federal agencies, as used for the 2015 survey.
This is a list of universities in the United States classified as research universities in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.Research institutions are a subset of doctoral degree-granting institutions and conduct research.
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In North America, the thesis defense or oral defense is the final examination for doctoral candidates, and sometimes for master's candidates. The examining committee normally consists of the thesis committee, usually a given number of professors mainly from the student's university plus his or her primary supervisor, an external examiner ...
The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America), pronounced as three separate letters (/ ˌ p iː eɪ tʃ ˈ d iː / PEE-aych-DEE). [2] [3] [4] The University of Oxford uses the alternative abbreviation "DPhil". [5] [6] PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields.