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(VFR squawk code for airspace 5,000 feet (1,500 m) and below prior to 15 March 2007 when replaced by the international 7000 code for VFR traffic.) [5] 0022 Germany (VFR squawk code for airspace above 5,000 feet (1,500 m) – prior to 15 March 2007 when replaced by the international 7000 code for VFR traffic.) [5] 0025 Germany
Military aircraft also use a dedicated UHF-AM band from 225.0 to 399.95 MHz for air-to-air and air-to-ground, including air traffic control communication. This band has a designated emergency and guard channel of 243.0 MHz. [2] [8] Radio aeronautical navigation aids use other frequencies.
The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress.The frequencies are 121.5 MHz for civilian, also known as International Air Distress (IAD), International Aeronautical Emergency Frequency, [1] or VHF Guard, [1] and 243.0 MHz—the second harmonic of VHF guard—for military ...
Provides 2-digit 5-bit mission code (cockpit selectable) [1] 2: Provides 4-digit octal unit code (set on ground for fighters, can be changed in flight by transport aircraft) [1] 3: A: Provides a 4-digit octal identification code for the aircraft, set in the cockpit but assigned by the air traffic controller. Mode 3/A is often combined with Mode ...
A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...
IFF systems usually use radar frequencies, but other electromagnetic frequencies, radio or infrared, may be used. [1] It enables military and civilian air traffic control interrogation systems to identify aircraft, vehicles or forces as friendly, as opposed to neutral or hostile, and to determine their bearing and range from the interrogator ...
IFF Mark X was the NATO standard military identification friend or foe transponder system from the early 1950s until it was slowly replaced by the IFF Mark XII in the 1970s. It was also adopted by ICAO, with some modifications, as the civilian air traffic control (ATC) secondary radar (SSR) transponder.
Air traffic control: ATCC Air traffic control centre ATCO Air traffic controller ATCT Airport traffic control tower: ATCRBS Air traffic control radar beacon system: ATCSS Air traffic control signalling system ATD Actual time of departure Equivalent to off-block time [7] ATE Advanced Technology Engine: ATF Aerodrome traffic frequency ATFM Air ...