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SARS was a relatively rare disease; at the end of the epidemic in June 2003, the incidence was 8,422 cases with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 11%. [5] No cases of SARS-CoV-1 have been reported worldwide since 2004. [6] In December 2019, a second strain of SARS-CoV was identified: SARS-CoV-2. [7]
The 2002–2004 outbreak of SARS, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), infected over 8,000 people from 30 countries and territories, and resulted in at least 774 deaths worldwide. [1] The outbreak was first identified in Foshan, Guangdong, China, in November 2002. [2]
The Weekly Epidemiological Record was first published by a group of epidemiologists based in the Health Office of the League of Nations, in Geneva, on 1 April 1926, 20 years before the constitution of the World Health Organization was signed at the International Health Conference in New York.
SARS-related coronavirus is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus (group 2) and monotypic of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (subgroup B). [13] Sarbecoviruses, unlike embecoviruses or alphacoronaviruses, have only one papain-like proteinase (PLpro) instead of two in the open reading frame ORF1ab. [14]
Another common finding in SARS patients is a decrease in the number of lymphocytes circulating in the blood. [14] In the SARS outbreak of 2003, about 9% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-1 infection died. [15] The mortality rate was much higher for those over 60 years old, with mortality rates approaching 50% for this subset of patients. [15]
A map of SARS cases and deaths around the world regarding the global population, not just HCWs. The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in healthcare workers (HCW)—most notably in Toronto, Ontario hospitals—during the global outbreak of SARS in 2002–2003 contributed to dozens of identified cases, some of them fatal. [1]
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank warned about the risk of pandemics throughout the 2000s and the 2010s, especially after the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. Several scientific reports also pointed out to this likely evolution. [10] [11] The Global Preparedness Monitoring Board released its first report in late 2019. [1]