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In Unix and Linux, the shutdown command can be used to turn off or reboot a computer. Only the superuser or a user with special privileges can shut the system down. One commonly issued form of this command is shutdown -h now, which will shut down a system immediately. Another one is shutdown -r now to reboot.
Run a command with a time limit true: Does nothing, but exits successfully tty: Prints terminal name uname: Prints system information unlink: Removes the specified file using the unlink function uptime: Tells how long the system has been running users: Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host who
Some Unix variants, such as AT&T UNIX System V Release 3.0, include the related setname program, used to change the values that uname reports.; The ver command found in operating systems such as DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows is similar to the uname command.
Return user's terminal name Version 1 AT&T UNIX type: Misc Optional (XSI) Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command ulimit: Misc Optional (XSI) Set or report file size limit umask: Misc Mandatory Get or set the file mode creation mask System III unalias: Misc Mandatory Remove alias definitions uname: Misc Mandatory Return ...
A runlevel defines the state of the machine after boot. Different runlevels are typically assigned (not necessarily in any particular order) to the single-user mode, multi-user mode without network services started, multi-user mode with network services started, system shutdown, and system reboot system states.
systemd is a software suite that provides an array of system components for Linux [7] operating systems. The main aim is to unify service configuration and behavior across Linux distributions. [8] Its primary component is a "system and service manager" — an init system used to bootstrap user space and manage user processes.
The init system is the first daemon to start (during booting) and the last daemon to terminate (during shutdown). Historically this was the "SysV init", which was just called "init". More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes:
SysRq may be released before pressing the command key, as long as Alt remains held down. The combinations always assume the QWERTY keyboard layout; [citation needed] for example, on the Dvorak keyboard layout, the combination to shut down the system uses the R key instead of O. Furthermore, some keyboards may not provide a separate SysRq key.