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In oncology, polycythemia vera (PV) is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. [1] The majority of cases [ 2 ] are caused by mutations in the JAK2 gene, most commonly resulting in a single amino acid change in its protein product from valine to phenylalanine at position 617.
[15] [16] [17] Patients are usually designated as having a low or high risk of bleeding or developing blood clots based on their age, medical history, blood counts and their lifestyles. Low risk individuals are usually treated with aspirin , whereas those at high risk are treated with hydroxycarbamide , interferon-α or anagrelide .
Polycythemia vera (PCV) (a.k.a. polycythemia rubra vera (PRV)) occurs when excess red blood cells are produced as a result of an abnormality of the bone marrow. [3] Often, excess white blood cells and platelets are also produced. A hallmark of polycythemia vera is an elevated hematocrit, with Hct > 55% seen in 83% of cases. [20]
Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is an antimetabolite medication used in sickle-cell disease, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and cervical cancer. [4] [5] In sickle-cell disease it increases fetal hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4]
Malnutrition and poor nutritional status is an area of concern, affecting 12% to 50% of hospitalized elderly patients and 23% to 50% of institutionalized elderly patients living in long-term care facilities such as assisted living communities and skilled nursing facilities. [19]
Cancers of the blood, lung, pancreas, brain, stomach, and bowel are associated with high VTE risk. [84] Solid tumors such as adenocarcinomas can contribute to both VTE and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In severe cases, this can lead to simultaneous clotting and bleeding. [85] Chemotherapy treatment also increases risk. [86]
There have been diets falsely attributed to Mayo Clinic for decades. [3] Many or most web sites claiming to debunk the bogus version of the diet are actually promoting it or a similar fad diet. The Mayo Clinic website appears to no longer acknowledge the existence of the false versions and prefers to promote their own researched diet. [4]
polycythemia ruba vera is secondary polycythemia and has an underlying cause such as sleep apnea copd or anything that causes a rise in epo and is treatable by treating the underlying cause. polycythemia vera known as primary polycythemia has no secondary causes that can be found your oxygen levels are normal and you epo is normal or low.
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