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Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) is an integrated vehicle handling and software control system developed by Toyota. It involves an omnibus computer linkage of traction control , electronic stability control , electronic steering , and other systems, with the intent of improving responsiveness to driver input, performance, and ...
All-Trac was a proprietary full-time four-wheel drive system used on a variety of Toyota badged models and the nameplate was used from 1988 to 2000. It was considered a revolutionary advance for four wheel drive automobiles into the mainstream consumer market and its electronic/vacuum controlled locking center differential was rare in a ...
RMR layout; the engine is located in front of the rear axle. Rear Mid-engine transversely-mounted / Rear-wheel drive. In automotive design, an RMR, or rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout is one in which the rear wheels are driven by an engine placed with its center of gravity in front of the rear axle, and thus right behind the passenger compartment.
The predecessor of modern electronic traction control systems can be found in high-torque, high-power rear-wheel-drive cars as a limited slip differential.A limited-slip differential is a purely mechanical system that transfers a relatively small amount of power to the non-slipping wheel, while still allowing some wheel spin to occur.
In contrast to the RMR layout, the center of mass of the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumper. Although very common in transit buses and coaches due to the elimination of the drive shaft with low-floor buses, this layout has become increasingly rare [specify] in passenger cars. [1]
Super Handling-All Wheel Drive (SH-AWD) is a full-time, fully automatic, all-wheel drive traction and handling system, which combines front-rear torque distribution control with independently regulated torque distribution to the left and right rear wheels.
In 1983, a four-wheel electronic "Anti-Skid Control" system was introduced on the Toyota Crown. [7] In 1987, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Toyota [7] introduced their first traction control systems. Traction control works by applying individual wheel braking and throttle to maintain traction under acceleration, but unlike ESC, it is not designed to ...
The following is a list of vehicles with Hybrid Synergy Drive and related technologies (Toyota Hybrid System): Toyota Prius. Generation 1: December 1997–October 2003; Generation 2: October 2003–late 2009; Generation 3: Late 2009–late 2015; Generation 4: Late 2015–2022; Generation 5: Early 2023-current; Toyota Estima Hybrid. June 2001 ...