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The Sveconorwegian orogeny was an orogenic system active 1140 to 960 million years ago and currently exposed as the Sveconorwegian orogenic belt in southwestern Sweden and southern Norway. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In Norway the orogenic belt is exposed southeast of the front of the Caledonian nappe system and in nappe windows . [ 3 ]
The geology of Norway encompasses the history of Earth that can be interpreted by rock types found in Norway, and the associated sedimentological history of soils and rock types. The Norwegian mountains were formed around 400 million years ago (Ma) during the Caledonian orogeny .
Much of the paleic surface in southern Norway was at sea level or below during the Miocene. [6] In the Early Pliocene (5–4 million years ago) the surfaces such as Hardangervidda were uplifted by tectonic forces 1.2 km. [6] The peneplain surfaces of the paleic surface are apparently disrupted by vertical displacement along faults, following an NNE-SSW orientation.
The glaciers in these places affected the land to an even greater extent, so that large areas were scraped away. The coastal brim (Strandflaten), which is found especially in southern Norway, is a gently sloping lowland area between the sea and the mountains. It consists of plates of rock platforms, and often extends for kilometres, reaching ...
In February 2020, Secrets of the Ice Program researchers discovered a 1,500-year-old Viking arrowhead dating back to the Germanic Iron Age and locked in a glacier in southern Norway caused by the climate change in the Jotunheimen Mountains. The arrowhead made of iron was revealed with its cracked wooden shaft and a feather, is 17 cm long and ...
The Caledonian Wilson cycle commenced with the continental break-up of Rodinia [17] and the opening of the Iapetus ocean about 616–583 Ma ago. [18] [19] [20] The Iapetus was at its widest in the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician [21] [1] before it began to close by subduction of Iapetus oceanic crust along the Gondawanan and Laurentian margins starting between 500 and 488 Ma ago.
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