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The earliest recorded windmill design found was Persian in origin, and was invented sometime around 700–900 AD. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] This design was the panemone, with vertical lightweight wooden sails attached by horizontal struts to a central vertical shaft.
A windcatcher, wind tower, or wind scoop (Persian: بادگیر) is a traditional architectural element used to create cross ventilation and passive cooling in buildings. [1]
The windmills at Kinderdijk in the village of Kinderdijk, Netherlands is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, by tradition specifically to mill grain (), but in some parts of the English-speaking world, the term has also been extended to encompass windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications.
The Persian, horizontal windmill Medieval depiction of a windmill. Wind-powered machines used to grind grain and pump water, the windmill and wind pump, were developed in what are now Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan by the 9th century.
The name Baku is widely believed to be derived from the old Persian names of the city Bad-kube, meaning "city where the wind blows", or Baghkuh, meaning "Mount of God". Arabic sources refer the city as Baku , Bakukh , Bakuya , and Bakuye , all of which seem to come from the original Persian name.
Dowlatabad Garden (Persian: باغ دولت آباد) is a historical garden in Yazd, Iran. Its 33.8 meters tall windcatcher is the tallest adobe-made windcatcher in the world. It was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 2011, as part of the Persian gardens. It is also listed in UNESCO as a part of the historical city of Yazd in 2017.
The name for this wind, referred to sometimes as the North wind in earlier scholarship, can mean "normal", "regular" or "favorable" wind. [4] This wind is likely what is called today as the Shamal, the most predictable wind in the Persian Gulf Region. [4] Most often portrayed as a good force, a gentle wind that is reliable. [3]
The buran (Persian: بوران, Russian: буран) is a wind which blows across Iran, eastern Asia, specifically Xinjiang, Siberia, and Kazakhstan. Over the tundra, it is also known as пурга, purga. It is a wind of cold air, sometimes very strong, characteristic of the steppes of the Sarmatic Plain, to the west of the Urals.