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The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') or hexapods comprises the largest clade of arthropods and includes most of the extant arthropod species. It includes the crown group class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller clade Entognatha, which includes three classes of wingless arthropods that were once considered insects: Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and ...
An antenna is considered segmented if each of the annuli is separate from those around it and has individual muscle attachments. Flagellate antennae, on the other hand, have muscle attachments only around the base, acting as a hinge for the flagellum—a flexible string of annuli with no muscle attachment. [5]
They are a successful and diverse group of insects with tens of thousands of described species; wasps have spread to all parts of the world except for the polar regions. The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet , at up to 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in length; among the largest solitary wasps is a group of species known as tarantula hawks ...
Two sets of muscles move the mandibles in the coronal plane of the mouth: abductor muscles move insects' mandibles apart ; adductor muscles bring them together . They do this mainly in opening and closing their jaws in feeding, but also in using the mandibles as tools, or possibly in fighting.
Some evidence indicates the Protura are basal to all other hexapods, [6] although not all researchers consider them Hexapoda, rendering the monophyly of Hexapoda unsettled. [7] Uniquely among hexapods, proturans show anamorphic development, whereby body segments are added during moults. [8] [page needed]
Isotoma anglicana (Entomobryomorpha) with visible furcula Deutonura monticola (Poduromorpha). Members of the Collembola are normally less than 6 mm (0.24 in) long, have six or fewer abdominal segments, and possess a tubular appendage (the collophore or ventral tube) with reversible, sticky vesicles, projecting ventrally from the first abdominal segment. [10]
The Entognatha are a class of wingless and ametabolous arthropods, which, together with the insects, makes up the subphylum Hexapoda. [1] [2] Their mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects. [1] Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack wings.
A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of projection. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the Earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map.