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Williams, Paul C. (1974), Low Back and Neck Pain: Causes and Conservative Treatment, Ed 3; Springfield:Charles C Thomas; 78 pages. Williams P, (1955), "Examination and conservative treatment for disc lesions of the lower spine", Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 528-40.
The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research about musculoskeletal rehabilitation, orthopaedics, physical therapy, and sports medicine.
A violently ill patient with neck stiffness during the Texas meningitis epidemic of 1911 and 1912. Neck stiffness, stiff neck and nuchal rigidity are terms often used interchangeably to describe the medical condition when one experiences discomfort or pain when trying to turn, move, or flex the neck.
The diagnosis may be suggested by symptoms of pain, numbness, paresthesia, and weakness in a pattern consistent with the distribution of a particular nerve root, such as sciatica. [6] [7] Neck pain or back pain may also be present. [medical citation needed] Physical examination may reveal motor and sensory deficits in the distribution of a ...
Since there is not a universally accepted classification for neck pain, it is difficult to study the different neck pain types. While neck pain is the second most common cause of disability and cost $100 billion [2], the NIH budgets only $10 million to the study of neck pain [3]. One of the most common neck pains is between the neck and the ...
Muscle energy techniques are used to treat somatic dysfunction, especially decreased range of motion, muscular hypertonicity, and pain. Historically, the concept emerged as a form of osteopathic manipulative diagnosis and treatment in which the patient's muscles are actively used on request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific ...
Back and neck pain are the specialties of chiropractic but many chiropractors treat ailments other than musculoskeletal issues. [7] There is a range of opinions among chiropractors: some believed that treatment should be confined to the spine, or back and neck pain; others disagreed. [63]
Physical therapy addresses the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to move and perform functional activities in their daily lives. [3] PTs use an individual's history and physical examination to arrive at a diagnosis and establish a management plan and, when necessary, incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies like X-rays, CT-scan, or MRI findings.