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A labyrinthine fistula is an abnormal opening in the inner ear. This can result in leakage of the perilymph into the middle ear. [ 1 ] This includes specifically a perilymph fistula ( PLF ), an abnormal connection between the fluid of the inner ear and the air-filled middle ear .
Otosclerosis is a condition of the middle ear where portions of the dense enchondral layer of the bony labyrinth remodel into one or more lesions of irregularly-laid spongy bone. As the lesions reach the stapes the bone is resorbed , then hardened ( sclerotized ), which limits its movement and results in hearing loss , tinnitus , vertigo or a ...
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates , the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. [ 1 ] In mammals , it consists of the bony labyrinth , a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: [ 2 ]
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the labyrinth, a maze of fluid-filled channels in the inner ear. Vestibular neuritis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve (the nerve in the ear that sends messages related to motion and position to the brain). [2] [3] [4] Both conditions involve inflammation of the inner ear. [5]
Facing the inner ear, the medial wall (or labyrinthic wall, labyrinthine wall) is vertical, and has the oval window and round window, the promontory, and the prominence of the facial canal. Facing the outer ear , the lateral wall (or membranous wall ), is formed mainly by the tympanic membrane , partly by the ring of bone into which this ...
The proximal portion of the facial canal is termed the horizontal part.It commences at the introitus of facial canal at the distal end of the internal auditory meatus. The horizontal part is further subdivided into two crura: the proximal/medial [4] anterolaterally [5] directed medial crus (or labyrinthine segment [5]), and the distal/lateral [4] posterolaterally [5] directed lateral crus (or ...
The internal auditory meatus provides a passage through which the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), the facial nerve (CN VII), and the labyrinthine artery (an internal auditory branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 85% of people) can pass from inside the skull to structures of the inner ear and face.
The outer ear is the external portion of the ear and includes the fleshy visible auricle, the ear canal, and the outer layer of the eardrum (also called the tympanic membrane). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The auricle consists of the curving outer rim called the helix , the inner curved rim called the antihelix , and opens into the ear canal.