Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
EMR1 expression in human is restricted to eosinophils and is a specific marker for these cells. [14] The murine homolog of EMR1, F4/80, is a well-known and widely used marker of murine macrophage populations.
The islet resident macrophage was first identified in 1979 as an antigen-presenting cell (APC), [9] which expresses major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). Later in 1984 this APC was further classified by using a macrophage specific marker F4/80. [10]
They can be identified using flow cytometry or immunohistochemical staining by their specific expression of proteins such as CD14, CD40, CD11b, CD64, F4/80 (mice)/EMR1 (human), lysozyme M, MAC-1/MAC-3 and CD68. [9] Macrophages were first discovered and named by Élie Metchnikoff, a Russian Empire zoologist, in 1884. [10] [11]
He began his studies on macrophages while in the laboratory of Zanvil Cohn at Rockefeller University in 1966. Upon his move to the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at University of Oxford in 1976 he continued this work and identified the pan-macrophage marker F4/80.
In adipose tissue, distinction between M1 and M2 macrophage polarization can be monitored by assessing the expression of selected markers. Macrophages displaying M1 phenotype have been characterized by expression of F4/80, CD11c and iNOS whereas macrophages displaying M2 phenotype have been characterized by expression of F4/80, CD301 and Arg1. [10]
Dermal macrophages’ expression of cell markers like CD11b, F4/80 and MHC II indicate their participation in the MHC II antigen-presenting pathway. [ 5 ] [ 3 ] However, the MHC II expression is low compared to Langerhans cells, rendering dermal macrophages minor contributors to antigen presentation.
In particular, members the EGF-TM7 subfamily which possess N-terminal EGF-like domains are predominantly restricted to leukocytes suggesting a putative role in immune function. The human EGF‑TM7 [20] family is composed of CD97, EMR1 (F4/80 receptor orthologue) [21] EMR2, [22] EMR3 [23] and EMR4 [24] (a probable pseudogene in humans).
Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) represent a subset of anti-inflammatory macrophages. In general, macrophages are a very dynamic and plastic cell type and can be divided into two main groups: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). [1] M2 group can further be divided into sub-groups M2a, M2b, M2c, and ...