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Although there were three interpreters presents at the negotiations for Treaty 6, two from the Crown and one from the Indigenous peoples, direct translation of words between English and Cree was not possible. Certain words in either language did not have a corresponding word in the opposite language.
Cree chiefs and an interpreter in 1886, with Mistawasis seated at the bottom right. His ally, Ahtahkakoop, is seated at the bottom left. Mistawasis (Cree: ᒥᐢᑕᐘᓯᐢ, meaning "Big Child"; born Pierre Belanger) was a Chief of the Sak-kaw-wen-o-wak Plains Cree, [1] notable for his role as the leader of his people during the signing of Treaty 6 in 1876, to which he was the first signatory.
Many of the Cree who participated in the treaty were unable to understand legal English. While there was a Cree verbal translation, the Treaty was made in English. The next biggest problem comes from a lack of follow through on verbal agreements. To the Canadian delegation, the only legally binding contracts were what was written into the treaty.
Mistawasis Nêhiyawak (Cree: ᒥᐢᑕᐚᓯᐢ ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐘᐠ mistawâsis nêhiyawak) is a Cree First Nation band government in Leask, Saskatchewan, Canada. Their settlement is roughly sixty-eight kilometres west of Prince Albert. The Nation has one reserve with an area of approximately 125.44 square kilometres.
The Enoch Cree Nation #440 (Cree: ᒪᐢᑫᑯᓯᐦᐠ, maskêkosihk) is a First Nations band government in Alberta, Canada. Members of the Nation are of Cree ancestry and speak the Plains Cree dialect of the Cree language group. The band is a signatory of Treaty 6 and is a member of the Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations.
A Cree decided to go to a piece of land at Willow Point, a territory reaching about 20 miles (32 km) south and westwards. It included the Cold Lake, which the Denesuline called Luwe Chok Tuwe or Łue Chok Tué and where they spent the summers, while the winters were spent on Primrose Lake (called in the Chipewyan language Xah Tué ).
According to Cree tradition, or oral history, Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, known to English speakers as Chief Poundmaker, gained his name for his special ability to attract buffalo into pounds. A buffalo pound resembled a huge corral with walls covered by the leaves of thick bushes. Usually herds of buffalo were stampeded into this trap.
The Sweetgrass First Nation (Cree: ᐑᐦᑲᓱᑭᓭᔨᐣ, wîhkaso-kisêyin [1]) is a Cree First Nation reserve in Cut Knife, Saskatchewan, Canada. Their territory is located 35 kilometers west of Battleford. The reserve was established when Chief Sweetgrass signed Treaty 6 on September 9, 1876, with the Fort Pitt Indians. [2]