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The solar month of Karkata overlaps with its lunar month Shraavana, in Hindu lunisolar calendars. [4] [5] The Shraavana marks the middle of the monsoon season on the Indian subcontinent, and is preceded by the solar month of Mithuna, and followed by the solar month of Siṃha. [2] The Karkata month is called Adi in the Tamil Hindu calendar. [1]
It stands to reason that during the original naming of these months—whenever that happened—they were indeed based on the nakshatras that coincided with them in some manner. The modern Indian national calendar is a solar calendar, much like the Gregorian calendar wherein solstices and equinoxes fall on the same date(s) every year.
The festival of Kartik Poornima (Kartika 15/30) falls in this month; it celebrated as Dev Deepavali in Varanasi. This coincides with the nirvana of the Jain Tirthankara Mahavira , the birth of the Sikh Guru Nanak, Guru Nanak Jayanti , and the well-known Ayyappan garland festival for the god of Sabarimala , which is also known as Tripuri Purnima.
The astronomical basis of the Hindu lunar months. Also illustrates Adhika Masa (Year 2-Bhadrapada) repeats; the first time the Sun moves entirely within Simha Rashi thus rendering it an Adhika Masa. Twelve Hindu mas (māsa, lunar month) are equal to approximately 354 days, while the length of a sidereal (solar) year is about 365 days.
Mithuna is a month in the Indian solar calendar. [1] [2] It corresponds to the zodiacal sign of Gemini, and overlaps with about the second half of June and about the first half of July in the Gregorian calendar. [1] In Vedic texts, the Mithuna month is called Shukra (IAST: Śukra), but in these ancient texts it has no zodiacal associations. [3]
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This also marks the end of the six-month Uttarayana period on the Hindu calendar, and the beginning of Dakshinayana, which itself end at Makar Sankranti. [2] Simha Sankranti: It is celebrated on the first day of the solar month on the Hindu calendar i.e. Bhadrapada. The festival holds special significance in Ramban district of Jammu division. [4]
The Arabic names of the months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Assyrian calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, whose month names are inherited via Classical Arabic from the Babylonian and Aramaic lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year.