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Emma Biggs (born 1956) is a London-based mosaic artist and author of a number of standard textbooks on contemporary mosaic practice. Having completed the large public art project, "Made in England", based on the visual culture and ideology of the pottery industry in Stoke-on-Trent (in the English midlands), her work became increasingly concerned with the ceramic industry and its social history.
The composition of the Delos mosaics and pavements include simple pebble constructions, chip-pavement made of white marble, ceramic fragments, and pieces of tesserae. [2] [6] [13] The latter falls into two categories: the simpler, tessellated opus tessellatum using large pieces of tesserae, on average eight by eight millimeters, [14] and the finer opus vermiculatum using pieces of tesserae ...
Roman mosaic floor panel of stone, tile, and glass, from a villa near Antioch in Roman Syria. second century AD. In architecture, tessellations have been used to create decorative motifs since ancient times. Mosaic tilings often had geometric patterns. [4] Later civilisations also used larger tiles, either plain or individually decorated.
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. [1] Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world.
The Solomon's knot often occurs in ancient Roman mosaics, usually represented as two interlaced ovals. Sepphoris National Park, Israel, has Solomon's Knots in stone mosaics at the site of an ancient synagogue. [citation needed] Across the Middle East, historical Islamic sites show Solomon's knot as part of Muslim tradition.
Ancient Roman decorative mosaic panels and floor mosaics were also produced during the 2nd century BC, particularly at sites such as Pompeii. Marble or limestone were cut into small cubes and arranged into representational designs and geometric patterns. Later, tesserae were made from colored glass, or clear glass backed with metal foils.
The earliest azulejos in the 13th century were panels of tile-mosaic known as alicatados (from Arabic: ﻗَﻄَﻊَ, romanized: qata'a, lit. 'to cut'), [6] [7]: 24 known as zellij in Islamic architecture. [8] Tiles were glazed in a single colour, cut into geometric shapes, and assembled to form geometric patterns.
Early Islamic art, for example in the famous 8th-century mosaics of the Great Mosque of Damascus, often contained plant-scroll patterns, in that case by Byzantine artists in their usual style. The plants most often used are stylized versions of the acanthus , with its emphasis on leafy forms, and the vine, with an equal emphasis on twining stems.
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