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The movements of the extraocular muscles take place under the influence of a system of extraocular muscle pulleys, soft tissue pulleys in the orbit. The extraocular muscle pulley system is fundamental to the movement of the eye muscles, in particular also to ensure conformity to Listing's law .
An eye examination, commonly known as an eye test, [1] is a series of tests performed to assess vision and ability to focus on and discern objects. [2] It also includes other tests and examinations of the eyes. [2] Eye examinations are primarily performed by an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or an orthoptist.
Electrooculography (EOG) is a technique for measuring the corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the human eye. The resulting signal is called the electrooculogram. Primary applications are in ophthalmological diagnosis and in recording eye movements.
If the patient's eyes are aligned and is bifoveal, the shifting of the image caused by the prism will produce a movement towards the apex of the prism (of the eye under the prism), and the fellow eye will have an outward movement in the same direction of the same magnitude due to Hering's law of equal innervation. Simultaneously the fellow eye ...
For an adequate test, vision must not be entirely lost. In dim room light, the examiner notes the size of the pupils. The patient is asked to gaze into the distance, and the examiner swings the beam of a penlight back and forth from one pupil to the other, and observes the size of pupils and reaction in the eye that is lit.
The movement of the uncovered eye taking up fixation [1] The movement as well as position of the eye under the cover when the paddle is removed (repeat until you can observe a movement/no movement to confirm a diagnosis) [1] Cover/uncover method looks for heterotropia; The alternate CT has to ensure that one eye is dissociated at all times:
Electronystagmography (ENG) is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition known as nystagmus. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance dysfunction by testing the vestibular system. [1] Electronystagmography is used to assess voluntary and involuntary eye movements. [2]
While moving the streak or spot of light through the pupil across the retina, the examiner observes the relative movement of the reflex or manually places lenses over the eye (using a phoropter or trial frame and trial lenses) to "neutralize" the reflex. [2] Static retinoscopy is a type of retinoscopy used in determining a patient's refractive ...
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