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The majority of disc herniations occur in the lumbar spine (95% at L4–L5 or L5–S1). [21] The second most common site is the cervical region (C5–C6, C6–C7). The thoracic region accounts for only 1–2% of cases.
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis.
Such severe spinal stenosis symptoms are virtually absent in lumbar stenosis, however, as the spinal cord terminates at the top end of the adult lumbar spine, with only nerve roots (cauda equina) continuing further down. [15] Cervical spinal stenosis is a condition involving narrowing of the spinal canal at the level of the neck.
Jensen and colleagues, in an MRI study of the lumbar spine in 98 asymptomatic adults, found that in more than half, there was a symmetrical extension of a disc (or discs) beyond the margins of the interspace (bulging). In 27 percent, there was a focal or asymmetrical extension of the disc beyond the margin of the interspace (protrusion), and in ...
The lumbosacral trunk is formed by the union of the entire anterior ramus of lumbar nerve L5 and a part of L4 [clarification needed]. [1] [2] [3] L4 first issues its branches to the lumbar plexus, then emerges from the medial border of the psoas muscle [3] to unite with the anterior ramus of L5 just superior to the pelvic brim to form the thick, cord-like trunk which [4] crosses the pelvic ...
In human anatomy, the five vertebrae are between the rib cage and the pelvis.They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process (since it is only found in the cervical region) and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body (as found only in the thoracic region).
It can reliably identify spinal nerve root compression for L2, L3, and L4. [2] It is usually positive for L2-L3 and L3-L4 (high lumbar) disc protrusions, slightly positive or negative in L4–L5 disc protrusions, and negative in cases of lumbosacral disc protrusion. [3]
The fifth lumbar spinal nerve 5 (L5) [5] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 5 (L5). L5 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L5. They are not innervated with L5 as single origin, but partly by L5 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: gluteus maximus muscle mainly S1