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The World Conference Against Racism (WCAR) is a series of international events organized by UNESCO to promote struggle against racism ideologies and behaviours. Five conferences have been held so far, in 1978, 1983, 2001, 2009 and 2021.
Apartheid was developed after World War II by the Afrikaner-dominated National Party and Broederbond organisations. The ideology was also enforced in South West Africa, which was administered by South Africa under a League of Nations mandate (revoked in 1966 via United Nations Resolution 2145), until it gained independence as Namibia in 1990.
[185] [186] Right now, and in the past, Arabs have been marked in the U.S. Census as White. [185] This began in the early twentieth century when Arabs coming to the United States successfully petitioned to be marked as White in order to avoid entry quotas and have a greater chance of achieving success and avoiding discrimination. [185] [187]
Around the world, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and internally displaced persons have been the victims of racial discrimination, racist attacks, xenophobia and ethnic and religious intolerance. [10] According to the Human Right Watch, "racism is both a cause and a product of forced displacement, and an obstacle to its solution." [10]
Race and race relations are prominent areas of study in sociology and economics. Much of the sociological literature focuses on white racism. Some of the earliest sociological works on racism were written by sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois, the first African American to earn a doctoral degree from Harvard University.
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Armed conflicts and attacks. Israel–Hamas war. 2025 Israel–Hamas war ceasefire. Israel and Hamas reach a diplomatic agreement to initiate a ceasefire and an end to military operations in Gaza, and to facilitate the exchange of hostages and prisoners, marking the first major cessation of hostilities since the 2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire.
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