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Traditionally, only noble kava cultivars have been consumed, as they are accepted as safe and produce desired effects. [63] The specific effects of various noble kavas depend on various factors, such as the cultivar used (and the related specific composition of kavalactones), age of the plant, and method of consumption. [62]
Kavalactones are a class of lactone compounds found in kava roots and Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger). [1] and in several Gymnopilus, Phellinus and Inonotus fungi. [2] Some kavalactones are bioactive. They are responsible for the psychoactive, analgesic, euphoric and sedative effects of kava. [3] [4]
"Potentiates digitalis activity, increases coronary dilation effects of theophylline, caffeine, papaverine, sodium nitrate, adenosine and epinephrine, increase barbiturate-induced sleeping times" [3] Horse chestnut: conker tree, conker Aesculus hippocastanum: Liver toxicity, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis [3] Kava: awa, kava-kava [4] Piper ...
Kavain has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels. [1] How this effect is mediated, and to what extent this mechanism is involved in the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of kavalactones on the central nervous system, is unknown.
Kava: Piper methysticum: Root: [63] 3-20% kavalactones: Depressant: Kava cultures are the religious and cultural traditions of western Oceania which consume kava. Khat: Catha edulis: Leaf: [64] cathine up to 14% [65] [66] Stimulant: For centuries, religious leaders have consumed the leaves to stay awake during long nights of prayer. [67] Kratom ...
Kava roots are well known in the Pacific Islands and are mostly grown in Tonga and Fiji. Kava is known to be used for social rituals and celebrations. Melatonin is another major ingredient found in relaxation drinks which also carry some controversy due to the negative effects of long-term use. Relaxation drinks have been known to contain other ...
For instance, vinegar might have a future role in treating depression because of its effects on brain metabolism. It’s also a good source of polyphenols , plant-based antioxidants with anti ...
Research suggests that methysticin and the related compound dihydromethysticin have CYP1A1 inducing effects which may be responsible for their toxicity. [2] Additionally, methysticin has been shown to potentiate GABA A receptor activity, contributing to the overall anxiolytic profile of the kava plant.