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Perchloryl fluoride is produced primarily by the fluorination of perchlorates. The initial syntheses in the early 1950s used fluorine gas or fluorides and anodic oxidation as the fluorinating agents, but these give explosive gaseous mixtures. [8] A common fluorinator in modern syntheses is antimony pentafluoride: [3]: 372–373 ClO − 4 + 3 HF ...
Organofluorine compounds are prepared by numerous routes, depending on the degree and regiochemistry of fluorination sought and the nature of the precursors. The direct fluorination of hydrocarbons with F 2, often diluted with N 2, is useful for highly fluorinated compounds: R 3 CH + F 2 → R 3 CF + HF
The well-characterized heavier halogens (chlorine, bromine, and iodine) all form mono-, tri-, and pentafluorides: XF, XF 3, and XF 5. Of the neutral +7 species, only iodine heptafluoride is known. [93] While chlorine and bromine heptafluorides are not known, the corresponding cations ClF + 6 and BrF + 6, extremely strong oxidizers, are. [94]
ClO 2 F was first reported by Schmitz and Schumacher in 1942, who prepared it by the fluorination of ClO 2. [2] The compound is more conveniently prepared by reaction of sodium chlorate and chlorine trifluoride [3] and purified by vacuum fractionation, i.e. selectively condensing this species separately from other products. This species is a ...
The system is an axial compressor that puts energy into the gas, rather than a turbine, which takes energy out of a moving fluid to create rotary power, thus "turbomolecular pump" is a misnomer. Gas captured by the upper stages is pushed into the lower stages and successively compressed to the level of the fore-vacuum (backing pump) pressure.
Such reagents include cobalt trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, and iodine pentafluoride. [4] The method electrochemical fluorination is used commercially for the production of perfluorinated compounds. It generates small amounts of elemental fluorine in situ from hydrogen fluoride. The method avoids the hazards of handling fluorine gas.
In chemistry, oxychlorination is a process for generating the equivalent of chlorine gas (Cl 2) from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. [1] This process is attractive industrially because hydrogen chloride is less expensive than chlorine. [2]
Chlorine oxide trifluoride was originally made at Rocketdyne [3] by treating dichlorine monoxide with fluorine. Other substances that could react with fluorine to make it includes sodium chlorite (NaClO 2), and chlorine nitrate (ClONO 2). The first published production method was a reaction of dichlorine monoxide with oxygen difluoride (OF 2).