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The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins , which act as neurotoxins to deter predation .
They occur in the parotoid glands, skin, and poison of many toads (Bufonidae family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.
Ingestion of Bufo toad poison and eggs by humans has resulted in several reported cases of poisoning, [23] [24] [25] some of which resulted in death. A court case in Spain, involving a physician who dosed people with smoked Mexican Toad poison, one of his customers died after inhaling three doses, instead of the usual of only one, had images of ...
[5] [1] [4] [2] It is found in a wide variety of plant species, and is also secreted by the glands of at least one toad species, the Colorado River toad. [5] It may occur naturally in humans as well. [5] Like its close relatives dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America. [5] [6] Slang ...
The toad's primary defense system is glands that produce a poison that may be potent enough to kill a grown dog. [12] These parotoid glands also produce 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) [13] and bufotenin (which is named after the Bufo genus of toads); both of these chemicals belong to the family of hallucinogenic tryptamines. Bufotenin ...
Bufo is a group of over 150 species of toads. Nearly all of these species contain a venom in their skin called bufotoxin which is a naturally a mild hallucinogen. They also contain the poison bufotenin which is another toxin used in HuaChanSu. Bufo toads can live under very adverse conditions resulting in its inhabitance in nearly every ...
In the eastern American toad these crests almost never touch the parotoid glands, which secrete bufotoxin, a poisonous substance meant to make the toad unpalatable to potential predators. Bufotoxin is a mild poison in comparison to that of other poisonous toads and frogs, but it can irritate human eyes and mucous membranes [ 17 ] and is ...
Bufagin is a toxic steroid C 24 H 34 O 5 [3] obtained from toad's milk, the poisonous secretion of a skin gland on the back of the neck of a large toad (Rhinella marina, synonym Bufo marinus, the cane toad). The toad produces this secretion when it is injured, scared or provoked.