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The use of chan'su and love stone (a related toad skin preparation used as an aphrodisiac in the West Indies) has resulted in several cases of poisoning and at least one death. [24] [28] The practice of orally ingesting toad poison has been referred to in popular culture and in the scientific literature as toad licking and has drawn media ...
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known collectively as bufotoxins , which act as neurotoxins to deter predation .
They occur in the parotoid glands, skin, and poison of many toads (Bufonidae family) and other amphibians, and in some plants and mushrooms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin.
An example of poison ingestion derives from the poison dart frog. They get a deadly chemical called lipophilic alkaloid from consuming a poisonous food in the rainforest . They are immune to the poison and they secrete it through their skin as a defense mechanism against predators.
[5] [1] [4] [2] It is found in a wide variety of plant species, and is also secreted by the glands of at least one toad species, the Colorado River toad. [5] It may occur naturally in humans as well. [5] Like its close relatives dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America.
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Bufagin is a toxic steroid C 24 H 34 O 5 [3] obtained from toad's milk, the poisonous secretion of a skin gland on the back of the neck of a large toad (Rhinella marina, synonym Bufo marinus, the cane toad). The toad produces this secretion when it is injured, scared or provoked.
The toad's primary defense system is glands that produce a poison that may be potent enough to kill a grown dog. [12] These parotoid glands also produce 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) [13] and bufotenin (which is named after the Bufo genus of toads); both of these chemicals belong to the family of hallucinogenic tryptamines. Bufotenin ...