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Other things, for example, your medication, your diet and any infections you may experience, can cause the urine to change color. “Your color can vary depending on your hydration status.
The signs and symptoms of abnormal urine color are shown as follows: Unexplained urine color other than straw-yellow has continued for a long time. [1] Once observe blood in urine. [1] Clear, dark-brown urine. [1] Risk factors of clinical abnormal urine color include elderly age, strenuous exercise, and family history of related diagnosis. [2]
These causes are grouped into glomerular and non-glomerular causes, depending on the involvement of the glomerulus of the kidney. [1] But not all red urine is hematuria. [5] Other substances such as certain medications and foods (e.g. blackberries, beets, food dyes) can cause urine to appear red. [5]
Stomach acidity and dwell time may affect urine color intensity. [1] [2] [3] The presence of beet pigment-protecting substances, such as oxalic acid, in the meal and during intestinal passage, increase the color intensity in the urine. [1] Medications may affect stomach acidity, such as proton pump inhibitors, thereby affecting urine color. [2]
Normal urine pH is slightly acidic, with usual values of 6.0 to 7.5, but the normal range is 4.5 to 8.0. A urine pH of 8.5 or 9.0 is indicative of a urea-splitting organism, such as Proteus, Klebsiella, or Ureaplasma urealyticum; therefore, an asymptomatic patient with a high pH means UTI regardless of the other urine test results.
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. [1]
Under ideal situations myoglobin will be filtered and excreted with the urine, but if too much myoglobin is released into the circulation or in case of kidney problems, it can occlude the kidneys' filtration system leading to acute tubular necrosis and acute kidney injury. Other causes of myoglobinuria include: McArdle's disease
Foamy urine is considered a cardinal sign of proteinuria, but only a third of people with foamy urine have proteinuria as the underlying cause. [2] It may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine ( bilirubinuria ), [ 3 ] retrograde ejaculation , pneumaturia (air bubbles in the urine) due to a fistula , [ 4 ] or drugs such as pyridium .