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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein [ 5 ] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes ) that are responsible for immunity.
These drugs act by binding the IL-2a receptor's α chain, preventing the IL-2 induced clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes and shortening their survival. They are used in the prophylaxis of the acute organ rejection after bilateral kidney transplantation, both being similarly effective and with only few side-effects. [citation needed]
Other drugs which may provide relief include acitretin, ciclosporin, and methotrexate, but since these drugs have their own major side effects, doctors and patients should discuss whether to try one of these or a biologic first. [4] Most biologics are injections so are not appropriate for use by someone with intense fear of needles. [4]
This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
Basiliximab is indicated for the prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in de-novo allogeneic renal transplantation. [3] It is to be used concomitantly with ciclosporin for microemulsion- and corticosteroid-based immunosuppression, in people with panel reactive antibodies less than 80%, or in a triple maintenance immunosuppressive regimen containing ciclosporin for microemulsion, corticosteroids ...
More than ten percent of people taking Anakinra have injection site reactions, headaches, and have increased cholesterol levels. [1] Recipients have eight percent more patients decrease white blood cells counts, two percent more patients decrease platelets counts, one percent more patients get severe infections (4.5% for patients with asthma compared to 0% placebo patients with asthma). [1]
Siltuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to interleukin-6 (IL-6), preventing binding to soluble and membrane bound interleukin-6 receptors. Siltuximab interferes with IL-6 mediated growth of B-lymphocytes and plasma cells, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and autoimmune phenomena. [2]
Guselkumab lowers the release of immune system signalling molecules, increasing the risk of infections from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. [7]The most common side effects for guselkumab are upper respiratory tract infections, headache, injection site reactions, [10] joint pain, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, fungal skin infections and herpes simplex infections.