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Galileo made a number of contributions to what is now known as engineering, as distinct from pure physics. Between 1595 and 1598, Galileo devised and improved a geometric and military compass suitable for use by gunners and surveyors. This expanded on earlier instruments designed by Niccolò Tartaglia and Guidobaldo del Monte.
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) [1] Isaac Newton (1643–1727) [2] [3] For systemic use of experimentation in science and contributions to scientific method, physics and observational astronomy. The work of Principia by Newton, who also refined the scientific method, and who is widely regarded as the most important figure of the Scientific ...
Galileo Galilei has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy," [50] the "father of modern physics," [51] the "father of science," [52] and "the Father of Modern Science." [53] His original contributions to the science of motion were made through an innovative combination of experiment and mathematics. [54]
The contributions that Galileo made to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus; his discovery, in 1609, of Jupiter's four largest moons (subsequently given the collective name of the "Galilean moons"); and the observation and analysis of sunspots.
The two sciences were the science of motion, which became the foundation-stone of physics, and the science of materials and construction, an important contribution to engineering. Galileo arrived at his hypothesis by a famous thought experiment outlined in his book On Motion. [14] He writes: Salviati. If then we take two bodies whose natural ...
Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who is sometimes referred to as the "father of modern observational astronomy". [16] His improvements to the telescope , astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism were all integral to the Copernican Revolution.
A golden age of physics began with the simultaneous discovery of the principle of the conservation of energy in the mid-19th century. [7] [8] A golden age of physics was the years 1925 to 1927. [9] The golden age of nonlinear physics was the period from 1950 to 1970, encompassing the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem and others. [10]
Smoothness of heavenly bodies: The standard cosmology of Galileo's time, based on Aristotle's Physics, held that the stars and planets were perfectly smooth. [20] [21] Galileo had upset this view by proving that the Moon had mountains and valleys on its surface, and that the Sun had spots.