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Pruning is the practice of removing parameters (which may entail removing individual parameters, or parameters in groups such as by neurons) from an existing artificial neural networks. [1] The goal of this process is to maintain accuracy of the network while increasing its efficiency .
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language that is popular in artificial intelligence. [1] It has a simple, flexible and easily readable syntax. [2] Its popularity results in a vast ecosystem of libraries, including for deep learning, such as PyTorch, TensorFlow, Keras, Google JAX.
In machine learning, a neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net, abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks in animal brains. [1] [2] An ANN consists of connected units or nodes called artificial neurons, which loosely model the neurons in the brain. Artificial ...
Pre-pruning procedures prevent a complete induction of the training set by replacing a stop criterion in the induction algorithm (e.g. max. Tree depth or information gain (Attr)> minGain). Pre-pruning methods are considered to be more efficient because they do not induce an entire set, but rather trees remain small from the start.
Networks such as the previous one are commonly called feedforward, because their graph is a directed acyclic graph. Networks with cycles are commonly called recurrent. Such networks are commonly depicted in the manner shown at the top of the figure, where is shown as dependent upon itself. However, an implied temporal dependence is not shown.
A training data set is a data set of examples used during the learning process and is used to fit the parameters (e.g., weights) of, for example, a classifier. [9] [10]For classification tasks, a supervised learning algorithm looks at the training data set to determine, or learn, the optimal combinations of variables that will generate a good predictive model. [11]
There are two main types of neural networks: In neuroscience, a biological neural network is a physical structure found in brains and complex nervous systems—a population of nerve cells connected by synapses. In machine learning, an artificial neural network is a mathematical model used to approximate nonlinear functions.
In recurrent neural networks [13] and transformers, [14] LayerNorm is applied individually to each timestep. For example, if the hidden vector in an RNN at timestep t {\displaystyle t} is x ( t ) ∈ R D {\displaystyle x^{(t)}\in \mathbb {R} ^{D}} , where D {\displaystyle D} is the dimension of the hidden vector, then LayerNorm will be applied ...